vim-syntax

VIMTUTOR

Lesson 1 SUMMARY

1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
   h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)

2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>

3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
   OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.

4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x

5. To insert or append text type:
   i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
   A type appended text <ESC> append after the line

NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.

Lesson 2 SUMMARY

1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw

2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$

3. To delete a whole line type: dd

4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w

5. The format for a change command is:
   operator [number] motion
   where:
   operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
   [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
   motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
   $ (to the end of line), etc.

6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0

7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
   To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
   To undo the undo’s, type: CTRL-R

Lesson 3 SUMMARY

1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
   deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
   line below the cursor).

2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
   character you want to have there.

3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
   motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
   the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.

4. The format for change is:

   c [number] motion

Lesson 4 SUMMARY

1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
   G moves to the end of the file.
   number G moves to that line number.
   gg moves to the first line.

2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
   Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
   After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
   or N to search in the opposite direction.
   CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.

3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.

4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
   To substitute new for all 'old’s on a line type :s/old/new/g
   To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
   To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
   To ask for confirmation each time add ‘c’ :%s/old/new/gc

Lesson 5 SUMMARY

1. :!command executes an external command.

   Some useful examples are:
   (MS-DOS) (Unix)
   :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
   :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.

2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.

3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
   FILENAME.

4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
   cursor position.

5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
   cursor position.

Lesson 6 SUMMARY

1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
   Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
   Type A to insert text after the end of the line.

3. The e command moves to the end of a word.

4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.

5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.

6. Typing “:set xxx” sets the option “xxx”. Some options are:
   ‘ic’ ‘ignorecase’ ignore upper/lower case when searching
   ‘is’ ‘incsearch’ show partial matches for a search phrase
   ‘hls’ ‘hlsearch’ highlight all matching phrases
   You can either use the long or the short option name.

7. Prepend “no” to switch an option off: :set noic

Lesson 7 SUMMARY

1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.

2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .

3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window

4. Type :q to close the help window

5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
   Press <TAB> to use one completion.

VIMRC

" Comments in Vimscript start with a `"`.

" If you open this file in Vim, it’ll be syntax highlighted for you.

" Vim is based on Vi. Setting `nocompatible` switches from the default
" Vi-compatibility mode and enables useful Vim functionality. This
" configuration option turns out not to be necessary for the file named
" ‘~/.vimrc’, because Vim automatically enters nocompatible mode if that file
" is present. But we’re including it here just in case this config file is
" loaded some other way (e.g. saved as `foo`, and then Vim started with
" `vim -u foo`).
set nocompatible

" Turn on syntax highlighting.
syntax on

" Disable the default Vim startup message.
set shortmess+=I

" Show line numbers.
set number

" This enables relative line numbering mode. With both number and
" relativenumber enabled, the current line shows the true line number, while
" all other lines (above and below) are numbered relative to the current line.
" This is useful because you can tell, at a glance, what count is needed to
" jump up or down to a particular line, by {count}k to go up or {count}j to go
" down.
set relativenumber

" Always show the status line at the bottom, even if you only have one window open.
set laststatus=2

" The backspace key has slightly unintuitive behavior by default. For example,
" by default, you can’t backspace before the insertion point set with ‘i’.
" This configuration makes backspace behave more reasonably, in that you can
" backspace over anything.
set backspace=indent,eol,start

" By default, Vim doesn’t let you hide a buffer (i.e. have a buffer that isn’t
" shown in any window) that has unsaved changes. This is to prevent you from "
" forgetting about unsaved changes and then quitting e.g. via :qa!. We find
" hidden buffers helpful enough to disable this protection. See :help hidden
" for more information on this.
set hidden

" This setting makes search case-insensitive when all characters in the string
" being searched are lowercase. However, the search becomes case-sensitive if
" it contains any capital letters. This makes searching more convenient.
set ignorecase
set smartcase

" Enable searching as you type, rather than waiting till you press enter.
set incsearch

" Unbind some useless/annoying default key bindings.
nmap Q <Nop> " ‘Q’ in normal mode enters Ex\ mode. You almost never want this.

" Disable audible bell because it’s annoying.
set noerrorbells visualbell t_vb=

" Enable mouse support. You should avoid relying on this too much, but it can
" sometimes be convenient.
set mouse+=a

" Try to prevent bad habits like using the arrow keys for movement. This is
" not the only possible bad habit. For example, holding down the h/j/k/l keys
" for movement, rather than using more efficient movement commands, is also a
" bad habit. The former is enforceable through a .vimrc, while we don’t know
" how to prevent the latter.
" Do this in normal mode…
nnoremap <Left> :echoe "Use h"<CR>
nnoremap <Right> :echoe "Use l"<CR>
nnoremap <Up> :echoe "Use k"<CR>
nnoremap <Down> :echoe "Use j"<CR>
" …and in insert mode
inoremap <Left> <ESC>:echoe "Use h"<CR>
inoremap <Right> <ESC>:echoe "Use l"<CR>
inoremap <Up> <ESC>:echoe "Use k"<CR>
inoremap <Down> <ESC>:echoe "Use j"<CR>

Vim进阶

搜索和替换

:s(替换命令)

• %s/foo/bar/g
  - 在整个文件中将foo全局替换成bar
• %s/\[.*\](\(.*\))/\1/g
  - 将有命名的$Markdown$链接替换成简单$URLs$

多窗口

• 用:sp/:vsp来分割窗口
• 同一个缓存可以在多个窗口中显示
• 用<c-w>+(hjkl)切换窗口

宏

• q{字符}来开始在寄存器{字符}中录制宏
• q停止录制
• @{字符}重放宏
• 宏的执行错误会停止
• {计数}@{字符}执行一个宏{计数}次
• 宏可以递归
  • 首先用q{字符}q清除宏
  • 录制该宏，用@{字符}来递归调用该宏（在录制完成之前不会有任何操作）